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标题：Spectral models for binary products: Unifying subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars as a sequence of stripped-envelope stars ★
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作者：Y. Götberg ; S. E. de Mink ; J. H. Groh 等
期刊名称：Astronomy & Astrophysics
印刷版ISSN：0004-6361
电子版ISSN：1432-0746
出版年度：2018
卷号：615
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/201732274
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：Stars stripped of their hydrogen-rich envelope through interaction with a binary companion are generally not considered when accounting for ionizing radiation from stellar populations, despite the expectation that stripped stars emit hard ionizing radiation, form frequently, and live 10–100 times longer than single massive stars. We compute the first grid of evolutionary and spectral models specially made for stars stripped in binaries for a range of progenitor masses (2–20M⊙) and metallicities ranging from solar to values representative for pop II stars. For stripped stars with masses in the range 0.3–7M⊙, we find consistently high effective temperatures (20 000–100 000 K, increasing with mass), small radii (0.2–1R⊙), and high bolometric luminosities, comparable to that of their progenitor before stripping. The spectra show a continuous sequence that naturally bridges subdwarf-type stars at the low-mass end and Wolf-Rayet-like spectra at the high-mass end. For intermediate masses we find hybrid spectral classes showing a mixture of absorption and emission lines. These appear for stars with mass-loss rates of 10−8−10−6M⊙yr−1, which have semi-transparent atmospheres. At low metallicity, substantial hydrogen-rich layers are left at the surface and we predict spectra that resemble O-type stars instead. We obtain spectra undistinguishable from subdwarfs for stripped stars with masses up to 1.7M⊙, which questions whether the widely adopted canonical value of 0.47M⊙is uniformly valid. Only a handful of stripped stars of intermediate mass have currently been identified observationally. Increasing this sample will provide necessary tests for the physics of interaction, internal mixing, and stellar winds. We use our model spectra to investigate the feasibility to detect stripped stars next to an optically bright companion and recommend systematic searches for their UV excess and possible emission lines, most notably HeIIλ4686 in the optical and HeIIλ1640 in the UV. Our models are publicly available for further investigations or inclusion in spectral synthesis simulations.
关键词：Key wordsenbinaries: closestars: atmospheressubdwarfsstars: Wolf-Rayetgalaxies: stellar contentultraviolet: galaxies