摘要:Garrett Hardin’s (1968) theory about “the tragedy of thecommons” has come to symbolize the degradation of theenvironment to be expected whenever many individuals use ascarce resource. Each man is locked into a system for compellinghim to increase his herd without limit. Ruin is the destinationtoward which all men rush, each pursuing his own best interestin a society that believes in the freedom to use the commons.The consequence is more damage and tragedy starts. Aristotlelong ago observed that “what is common to the greatest numberhas the least care bestowed upon it. Everyone thinks chieflyof his own, hardly at all of the common interest”.