文章基本信息

标题：SMALL SCALE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS. A SHORT REVIEW IN THEIR POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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作者：Panagiotis I Kokkotis ; Constantinos S Psomopoulos ; George Ch Ioannidis 等
期刊名称：Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
印刷版ISSN：1018-4619
出版年度：2017
卷号：26
期号：9
页码：5658-5665
语种：English
出版社：PSP Publishing
摘要：Regarding Small Scale Energy Storage Systems, large Pumped Hydro should be excluded because of its “bulk” capacity characteristic. Flywheels, Super Magnetic Energy Storage and Supercapacitors are considered environmentally friendly and briefly mentioned; therefore electrochemical means of EES systems such as batteries will be the central point of this paper.Batteries are identified as a problematic material in the waste stream. They are made from a variety of chemicals and some of these, such as nickel and cadmium, are extremely toxic and can cause damage to humans and environment. They can also cause soil and water pollution and endanger wildlife. Cadmium can cause damage to soil micro-organisms and affect the breakdown of organic matter. Other chemicals used in modern electrochemical batteries are discussed, along with any protective means of safe utilization with minimum environmental impact.
关键词：Energy Storage;batteries;cadmium;lithium;environment