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标题：Heat and Mass Transfer in Non-Newtonian Fluids:
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作者：Rama Subba Reddy Gorla ; Saleem Asghar ; Md. Anwar Hossain 等
期刊名称：Advances in Mechanical Engineering
印刷版ISSN：1687-8140
电子版ISSN：1687-8140
出版年度：2014
卷号：6
页码：1-2
DOI：10.1155/2014/104392
语种：English
出版社：Sage Publications Ltd.
摘要：Experience shows that the Newtonian fluid model can be adequately employed for flow conditions of gases and small molecule liquids such as water. However, the behavior of a vast number of fluids cannot be considered under Newtonian fluid model. There are some non-Newtonian fluids with shear-independent viscosity, which nonetheless exhibit normal stress differences or other non-Newtonian behaviors. Many polymer solutions and molten polymers are non-Newtonian fluids, as are many commonly found substances such as ketchup, custard, toothpaste, starch suspensions, paint, blood, and shampoo. In a Newtonian fluid, the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is linear, passing through the origin, with the constant of proportionality being the coefficient of viscosity. In a non-Newtonian fluid, the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is different and can even be time dependent. Interestingly, the same fluid can behave as Newtonian or non-Newtonian under different flow conditions.