文章基本信息

标题：Fired Bricks: CO2 Emission and Food Insecurity
本地全文：下载
作者：Arun Jyoti Nath ; Rattan Lal ; Ashesh Kumar Das 等
期刊名称：Global Challenges
印刷版ISSN：2056-6646
电子版ISSN：2056-6646
出版年度：2018
卷号：2
期号：4
DOI：10.1002/gch2.201700115
语种：English
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
摘要：Abstract Fired bricks are used for construction purposes over the millennia, going back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The traditional brick‐making process involves removal of agriculturally productive topsoil rich in clay and soil organic matter contents. In addition to the removal of the fertile topsoil and accelerated degradation by other processes, the traditional clay brick making process also emits CO2 and other gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the impact of brick making in India on: (i) the magnitude of annual CO2 emission and (ii) the loss of agricultural production. Currently, 0.7 Mha (million hectare) of agricultural land is under brick kilns that produce ≈250 billion bricks annually. It is estimated that soil organic carbon lost through the firing process of 250 billion bricks is 5.58–6.12 Tg (teragram) (20.48–22.46 Tg CO2), and in conjunction with clay burning and coal combustion the process releases 40.65–42.64 Tg CO2 into the atmosphere per annum. Brick kiln also impacts quality of the exposed subsoil, and may also reduce 60–90% agronomic yield. Therefore, brick making from topsoil exacerbates food and nutritional insecurity by degrading soil quality, and increases risks of climate change through increase in gaseous emissions. Currently, 0.7 Mha of agricultural land in India is under brick kilns that produce ≈250 billion bricks annually. The firing process of bricks releases 40.65–42.64 Tg (teragram) CO2 into the atmosphere per annum. Brick kiln impacts the quality of the exposed subsoil through degradation of physical, chemical, and biological properties, and may also reduce 60–90% agronomic yield and nutritional quality.
关键词：agricultural productionland degradationnutritional securitysoil quality