文章基本信息

标题：Comparative risk of pit latrine sludge from unplanned settlements and wastewater in Mzuzu City, Malawi
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作者：Khumbo Kalulu ; Bernard Thole ; Edward Chikhwenda 等
期刊名称：African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
电子版ISSN：1996-0786
出版年度：2018
卷号：12
期号：4
页码：150-157
DOI：10.5897/AJEST2017.2439
语种：English
出版社：Academic Journals
摘要：Most developing countries use existing knowledge and infrastructure for wastewater in the treatment, reuse and disposal of faecal sludge. There is need to have a clear picture of the risk faecal sludge poses in relation to wastewater if effective treatment, disposal and reuse systems are to be implemented. Little work has been done to quantify the risk faecal sludge poses in relation to wastewater in a localized setting. This study quantifies the comparative risk of faecal sludge from pit latrines in unplanned settlements in Mzuzu City and wastewater. A total 80 sludge samples were obtained from 20 pit latrines in five unplanned settlement Laboratory characterisation was performed for Organics (chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand), nutrients (total ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus) and pathogens (Escherichia coli and helminth eggs) were determined through laboratory analyses. Documentation review was used to get wastewater characteristics. The study found a higher risk (comparative risk >1; p < 0.0001) for organics and nutrients in pit latrine sludge as compared to wastewater. Pit latrine sludge was found not to pose significantly higher public health risk from both E. coli (comparative risk <1; p < 0.0001) and helminth eggs (comparative risk < 1; p < 0.165) than relation to wastewater.
关键词：Faecal sludge; environmental risk; public health risk; faecal sludge treatment