文章基本信息

标题：Emission factors of health‐ and climate‐relevant pollutants measured in home during a carbon‐finance‐approved cookstove intervention in rural India
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作者：Andrew P. Grieshop ; Andrew P. Grieshop ; Grishma Jain 等
期刊名称：GeoHealth
印刷版ISSN：2471-1403
电子版ISSN：2471-1403
出版年度：2017
卷号：1
期号：5
页码：222-236
DOI：10.1002/2017GH000066
语种：English
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
摘要：Abstract We present results of an emission characterization effort, completed as part of a larger intervention trial, of a carbon‐finance‐approved program replacing traditional cookstoves with “rocket”‐style natural draft stoves. The 100 emission tests were conducted across 31 households in control and intervention groups, with repeated tests in most households during preintervention and postintervention periods. While mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factor for intervention stoves was significantly lower than for traditional stoves in baseline measurements, they were only marginally lower than traditional stoves during follow‐up. Intervention stove PM2.5 emissions had a larger contribution from light‐absorbing (elemental) carbon than traditional stoves. Repeated measurements in control households provide evidence for strong seasonality, likely due to differences in fuel moisture/types, in traditional stove emissions, with important implications for study design. Seasonality observed in control household emission factors (baseline > follow‐up) was in the opposite direction as that observed in indoor PM2.5 concentrations (baseline < follow‐up), highlighting that seasonally varying conditions (e.g., ventilation rates) may modify the link between emissions and exposures. Emission factor differences in paired (pre/post) tests from the same households were similar to differences in the medians of entire groups, suggesting variability is dominated by test‐to‐test variation. Emission reductions from intervention stoves were significantly smaller than laboratory performance would suggest or that are required to strongly reduce exposures. Field emissions assessment like that presented here should be prioritized early in technology assessment and development to provide rigorous estimates of the benefits reasonably expected from interventions with the potential for substantial benefits to human health and the environment. Key Points Particulate matter emissions decreased marginally for intervention stoves and seasonality in emissions was observed for traditional stoves Intervention stoves increased particle‐specific light absorption and are likely not a good way to mitigate climate warming by particles Two‐season measurements suggest that there was strong seasonality in the linkage between emissions and indoor concentration and exposure
关键词：environmental healthindoor air qualityintervention trialCDMhousehold energyhousehold air pollution