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标题：Tejiendo explicaciones sobre vejez, discapacidad y pobreza en los cerros nororientales de Bogotá, Colombia
其他标题：Knitting Answers for Disabilities, Poverty and the Elderly of the Northeastern Hills in Bogotá, Colombia
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作者：Fabiola Castellanos Soriano ; Alba Lucero López Díaz
期刊名称：Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo
印刷版ISSN：2027-128X
出版年度：2011
卷号：13
期号：2
页码：27-47
语种：Portuguese
出版社：Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - Facultad de Enfermería
摘要：Introducción: Los juicios sobre las diversas situaciones de salud que realizan las personas ancianas en situación de discapacidad y pobreza no son similares a las de los profesionales de salud. Estas explicaciones son producto de las construcciones culturales, del contexto y de las experiencias de cuidado. Objetivo: Explorar las explicaciones que dan a su situación las personas ancianas en situación de discapacidad y pobreza habitantes de cinco barrios de los cerros nororientales de Bogotá. Método: Estudio cualitativo etnográfico. Se seleccionaron 39 colaboradores mayores de 60 años, en quienes se realizó observación participante y entrevistas etnográficas en sus lugares de residencia. Resultados: Se reconocieron las explicaciones que dan las personas a su situación, denominada comprensión de la situación de salud, que empieza por admitir las manifestaciones de bienestar o malestar, nominar la situación, darle un significado y establecer unas relaciones causales (de origen psicosocial, socioeconómico y natural). Conclusiones: Las explicaciones que los colaboradores de este estudio atribuyen a su situación, a la cual denominan males, demuestran complejidad y multicausalidad. Estas construyen una especie de tejido que genera una lógica interna que ayuda a las personas a dar sentido a sus vivencias cuando presentan situaciones de salud adversas. Las enfermeras deberán prepararse para brindar un cuidado culturalmente congruente, que reconozca los saberes, las creencias y las prácticas de las personas ancianas, a fin de generar conocimiento, planes y estrategias, dirigidos al cuidado particularizado, acorde con la diversidad de la población. ABSTRACT Introduction: Thoughts on the diversity of health situations performed by elderly, disabled people are usually not the same as those thoughts performed by health professionals; their explanations are more likely the product of cultural and contextual constructions, and of previous health care experiences. Main purpose: Exploring the explanations given by elderly people in disability and poverty –dwellers of five neighbourhoods on the Northeastern hills of Bogotá– to their situation. Method: Ethnographic- qualitative survey. Thirty-nine volunteers older than 60 were chosen; participant observation and ethnographic interviews took place inside their dwelling places. All the information was recorded, transcribed and organized following the proposal of M. Leininger. It was later analysed using the Cultural Care Adversity Theory and the Minayo proposals, among others. Results: explanations made by this age and social group appeared, receiving the name “Understanding health situation” and recognizing manifestations of welfare or discomfort. It was also able to name the situation, give it a meaning and establish cause relations (with psychosocial, socioeconomic and natural origins) in order to try and explain the situation. Conclusions: explanations given by our volunteers to situations called Males by them, show a big amount of complexity and multi-causality. Through these explanations they build a sort of knitting with its own internal logics that helps them in giving sense to their adverse-health experiences. Thus, nurses should prepare themselves to perform a culturally coherent care, a care able to acknowledge wisdom, beliefs and practices of the elderly in order to contribute to the production of knowledge, strategies and plans aimed at particularized health-care, congruent to the population’s diversity.↓Introdução: Julgamentos sobre as diversas situações de saúde que fazem os idosos em situações de deficiência e pobreza não são semelhantes às dos profissionais de saúde, essas explicações são produto de construções culturais, no contexto das experiências de cuidado. Objetivo: Explorar as explicações dadas à sua situação em idosos com deficiência e pobreza, residentes em cinco bairros de colinas orientais de Bogotá. Método: Estudo etnográfico qualitativo. Foram selecionados 39 participantes com mais de 60 anos. Foi realizada a observação participante e entrevistas etnográficas nos locais de residência destes. Resultados: Foram reconhecidas as explicações que as pessoas dão à sua situação, que é chamada entendendo a situação de saúde, que começa por reconhecer as manifestações de conforto ou desconforto, nomear a situação, dar sentido e estabelecer relações causais (de origens psicossociais, socioeconômicos e naturais), a fim de explicar a situação. Conclusões: As explicações que os participantes deste estudo atribuíram a sua situação, e que eles chamam males, demonstram complexidade e múltiplas causas. Eles construíram uma espécie de tecido que gera uma lógica interna que ajuda as pessoas a dar sentido a suas experiências quando têm situações adversas à saúde. Enfermeiros devem estar preparados para prestar cuidados culturalmente congruentes, ou seja, o cuidado que reconhece o conhecimento, crenças e práticas dos idosos, a fim de contribuir para a geração de conhecimentos, planos e estratégias, visando à atenção particularizada, segundo a diversidade da população.
其他摘要：Introduction: Thoughts on the diversity of health situations performed by elderly, disabled people are usually not the same as those thoughts performed by health professionals; their explanations are more likely the product of cultural and contextual constructions, and of previous health care experiences. Main purpose: Exploring the explanations given by elderly people in disability and poverty –dwellers of five neighbourhoods on the Northeastern hills of Bogotá– to their situation. Method: Ethnographic- qualitative survey. Thirty-nine volunteers older than 60 were chosen; participant observation and ethnographic interviews took place inside their dwelling places. All the information was recorded, transcribed and organized following the proposal of M. Leininger. It was later analysed using the Cultural Care Adversity Theory and the Minayo proposals, among others. Results: explanations made by this age and social group appeared, receiving the name “Understanding health situation” and recognizing manifestations of welfare or discomfort. It was also able to name the situation, give it a meaning and establish cause relations (with psychosocial, socioeconomic and natural origins) in order to try and explain the situation. Conclusions: explanations given by our volunteers to situations called Males by them, show a big amount of complexity and multi-causality. Through these explanations they build a sort of knitting with its own internal logics that helps them in giving sense to their adverse-health experiences. Thus, nurses should prepare themselves to perform a culturally coherent care, a care able to acknowledge wisdom, beliefs and practices of the elderly in order to contribute to the production of knowledge, strategies and plans aimed at particularized health-care, congruent to the population’s diversity.
关键词：Ancianos; cultura; enfermería transcultural; creencias en salud; etnografía. Elderly; culture; transcultural nursing; health beliefs; ethnography