文章基本信息

标题：Exploring the Linkages Among Economic Growth, Openness, Income Inequality, Education and Health in Pakistan
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作者：Nabeela Asghar ; Asma Awan ; Hafeez ur Rehman 等
期刊名称：Canadian Social Science
印刷版ISSN：1712-8056
电子版ISSN：1923-6697
出版年度：2011
卷号：7
期号：6
页码：82-88
DOI：10.3968/j.css.1923669720110706.094
语种：English
出版社：Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture
摘要：The present study is an attempt to investigate empirical linkages among economic growth, openness, income inequality, education and health in Pakistan during 1974-2009 by using annual time series data. Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root test is utilized to check stationarity of the variables. Long-run relationship is confirmed through Johansen and Juselius cointegration test. VECM is proposed to check short-run and long-run dynamics. Toda-Yamamoto causality test is utilized for observing the causality. Diagnostic tests are utilized to confirm the validity of the model. The results support strong positive impact of openness of trade, education and health on economic growth in the long-run whereas income inequality is negatively associated with economic growth. The study finds significant five uni-directional causalities and two bi-directional causalities among variables. For achieving higher economic growth in Pakistan attention must be directed towards decisive economic policies related to liberalizing trade, provision of education and health facilities and to reduce income inequality.JEL Classification: F43, F13, I19, I29Key words: Economic Growth; Openness; Income Inequality; Education; Health
关键词：Economic Growth; Openness; Income Inequality; Education; Health