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标题：The shocked gas of the BHR71 outflow observed by Herschel: indirect evidence for an atomic jet
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作者：M. Benedettini ; M. Benedettini ; A. Gusdorf 等
期刊名称：Astronomy & Astrophysics
印刷版ISSN：0004-6361
电子版ISSN：1432-0746
出版年度：2017
卷号：598
页码：1-16
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/201629451
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：Context. In the BHR71 region, two low-mass protostars IRS1 and IRS2 drive two distinguishable outflows. They constitute an ideal laboratory to investigate both the effects of shock chemistry and the mechanisms that led to their formation. Aims. We aim to define the global morphology of the warm gas component of the BHR71 outflow and at modelling its shocked component. Methods. We present the first far infrared Herschel images of the BHR71 outflows system in the CO (14–13), H2O (221–110), H2O (212–101) and [O i] 145 μm transitions, revealing the presence of several knots of warm, shocked gas associated with the fast outflowing gas. In two of these knots we performed a detailed study of the physical conditions by comparing a large set of transitions from several molecules to a grid of shock models. Results. The Herschel lines ratios in the outflow knots are quite similar, showing that the excitation conditions of the fast moving gas do not change significantly within the first ~0.068 pc of the outflow, apart at the extremity of the southern blue-shifted lobe that is expanding outside the parental molecular cloud. Rotational diagram, spectral line profile and LVG analysis of the CO lines in knot A show the presence of two gas components: one extended, cold (T ~ 80 K) and dense (n(H2) = 3 × 105–4 × 106 cm-3) and another compact (18′′), warm (T = 1700–2200 K) with slightly lower density (n(H2) = 2 × 104–6 × 104 cm-3). In the two brightest knots (where we performed shock modelling) we found that H2 and CO are well fitted with non-stationary (young) shocks. These models, however, significantly underestimate the observed fluxes of [O i] and OH lines, but are not too far off those of H2O, calling for an additional, possibly dissociative, J-type shock component. Conclusions. Our modelling indirectly suggests that an additional shock component exists, possibly a remnant of the primary jet. Direct, observational evidence for such a jet must be searched for.
关键词：stars: formation;ISM: jets and outflows;ISM: individual objects: BHR71;infrared: ISM