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标题：Use of passive samplers in pollution monitoring: A numerical approach for marinas
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作者：A. Yılmaz ; A. Yılmaz ; B. Karacık 等
期刊名称：Environment International
印刷版ISSN：0160-4120
电子版ISSN：1873-6750
出版年度：2014
卷号：73
页码：85-93
DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.013
语种：English
出版社：Pergamon
摘要：Abstract Triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and butyl rubber (BR) based sorbents were employed as passive samplers in 14 coastal stations of Turkey including shipyards and marinas to characterize time-integrated levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their relationship to potential pollution sources. Passive samplers of SPMDs and BR sorbents were deployed for 30days in the spring of 2012. The maximum concentrations of total PAH and PCB compounds sequestered by SPMDs were 3338ngg−1 SPMD and 4247pgg−1 SPMD. (END)-I and DDT-related compounds were dominant OCP compounds for most of the sites in passive samplers. Total PAH concentrations in SPMDs were found 1.2 to 8 times higher than the concentrations in BRs. However, BR sorbents were able to sample some PAHs which could not be sampled by SPMDs. The concentrations of PCBs and OCPs in BRs were similar or higher than SPMDs. SPMD-data were used to estimate the average ambient water concentrations of the contaminants. Two existing theoretical approaches have been used to derive the concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in the ambient waters. The results were found very similar and range from 7318 to 183864pgL−1 for PAHs, from 2 to 186pgL−1 for PCBs, and from 98 to 848pgL−1 for OCPs. Furthermore, a simple numerical model was designed to estimate the boat-related water concentrations in marinas by using the seawater data supplied by SPMDs. The model was mainly built on the water concentration and the capacities of a particular marina and then applied to two sites in the second marina. A good correlation was found between the model outputs and SPMD-water data. Highlights • Water concentrations of organics were estimated from the SPMDs using PRC. • BR sorbents were also used as passive samplers; results were comparable with SPMDs. • NLS and 80/20 calculation methods gave similar water concentration results. • The numerical model well predicts the pollutant concentrations in marinas.
关键词：Passive water sampling; PAH; POP; Shipyard; Marina; Pollution;