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标题：The method by which Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) larvae invade reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
其他标题：The method by which Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) larvae invade reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
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作者：John R. Anderson ; Arne C. Nilssen
期刊名称：Rangifer
印刷版ISSN：1890-6729
出版年度：1990
卷号：10
期号：3
页码：291-297
DOI：10.7557/2.10.3.870
语种：English
出版社：Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
摘要：Laboratory electrostimulated C. trompe (Modeer) females forcefully expelled (sprayed) larvae for 5-20 cm. The watery spray consisted of about 20 tiny droplets containing two to several larvae. Crawling first-instar larvae exhibited negative geotactic and phototropic responses; they were subject to rapid desiccation and became immobile as the tiny droplets dried within a few seconds. When 5-50 larvae from dissectedfemales were dropped in physiological saline onto different areas of the muzzle of restrained reindeer, only larvae placed deep within the nostrils and on the lips crawled out-of-sight down the nostril passage or into the mouth. Drops of larvae placed elsewhere quickly desiccated and the larvae became immobile. Larvae deposited by wild females onto a COz-baited reindeer model with the muzzle, lips and nostrils coated with insect trapping adhesive all were stuck only along the dorsal lip below the philtrum. All experimental evidence supports a natural per os mode of invasion.
关键词：Entomology; Veterinary Medicine; Biology;attack; larval invasion; Norway; Cephenemyia trompe; reindeer; infestation