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标题：Perceived causal relations between anxiety, posttraumatic stress and depression: extension to moderation, mediation, and network analysis
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作者：Paul A. Frewen ; Verena D. Schmittmann ; Laura F. Bringmann 等
期刊名称：European Journal of Psychotraumatology
印刷版ISSN：2000-8198
电子版ISSN：2000-8066
出版年度：2013
卷号：4
DOI：10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20656
语种：English
出版社：Taylor & Francis Group
摘要：Background: Previous research demonstrates that posttraumatic memory reexperiencing, depression, anxiety, and guilt-shame are frequently co-occurring problems that may be causally related.Objectives: The present study utilized Perceived Causal Relations (PCR) scaling in order to assess participants’ own attributions concerning whether and to what degree these co-occurring problems may be causally interrelated.Methods: 288 young adults rated the frequency and respective PCR scores associating their symptoms of posttraumatic reexperiencing, depression, anxiety, and guilt-shame.Results: PCR scores were found to moderate associations between the frequency of posttraumatic memory reexperiencing, depression, anxiety, and guilt-shame. Network analyses showed that the number of feedback loops between PCR scores was positively associated with symptom frequencies.Conclusion: Results tentatively support the interpretation of PCR scores as moderators of the association between different psychological problems, and lend support to the hypothesis that increased symptom frequencies are observed in the presence of an increased number of causal feedback loops between symptoms. Additionally, a perceived causal role for the reexperiencing of traumatic memories in exacerbating emotional disturbance was identified.Keywords: Perceived causal relations; comorbidity; assessment; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); depression; anxiety(Published: 30 August 2013)For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools)Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2013, 4: 20656 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20656
关键词：Perceived causal relations; comorbidity; assessment; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); depression; anxiety